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Description: Les barricades myst‚rieuses signed 'magritte' (lower right); signed, dated and titled 'LES BARRICADES MYST쳌RIEUSES magritte 1961' (on the reverse) oil on canvas 313/4 x 50 3/8in. (80.7 x 128cm.) Painted in 1961 PROVENANCE Alexander Iolas, New York, by whom acquired from the artist. L. Arnold Weissberger, New York, by whom acquired from the above; his estate sale, Christie's New York, 17 May 1983, lot 74. Private collection, Pennsylvania, by whom acquired at the above sale; sale, Christie's New York, 8 May 1991, lot 42. Private collection, New York, by whom acquired at the above sale. Acquavella Galleries, New York. Acquired from the above by the present owner in 1995. LITERATURE Letter from Magritte to Harry Torczyner, 6 July 1961, in H. Torczyner, L'ami Magritte: correspondance et souvenirs, Antwerp, 1992, no. 199. Letter from Magritte to Andr‚ Bosmans, 16 July 1961, in R. Magritte, Lettres … Andr‚ Bosmans 1958-1967, Paris, 1990, p. 178. Exh. cat. Magritte, Little Rock, 1964 (illustrated). H. Torczyner, Magritte, Ideas and Images, New York, 1977, p. 112, no. 180 (illustrated p. 113). D. Sylvester (ed.), Ren‚ Magritte, Catalogue raisonn‚, vol. III, Oil Paintings, Objects and Bronzes, 1949-1967, Antwerp, 1993, no. 932 (illustrated p. 347). EXHIBITION New York, Alexander Iolas Gallery, Ren‚ Magritte: Paintings, Gouaches, Collages 1960, 1961, 1962, April-May 1962, no. 9. Minneapolis, Walker Art Centre, The Vision of Ren‚ Magritte, Sept.-Oct. 1962, no. 88. London, Tate Gallery, Magritte, Feb.-April 1969, no. 92. Hanover, Kestner Gesellschaft, Ren‚ Magritte, May-July 1969, no. 68 (illustrated in the catalogue p. 75). This exhibition later travelled to Zurich, Kunsthaus. New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, on loan. New York, The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Surrealism: Two Private Eyes, June-Sept. 1999, no. 145 (illustrated in the catalogue p. 209). NOTES 'If only the sun were to come out tonight' (Andr‚ Breton) 'For me it's not a matter of painting 'reality' as though it were readily accessible to me and to others, but of depicting the most ordinary reality in such a way that this immediate reality loses its tame or terrifying character and presents itself with mystery' (Magritte cited in H. Torczyner, Magritte, New York, 1977, p. 203.) Combining two of Magritte's most striking and enduring motifs, the night/day duality of L'empire des lumiŠres (The Empire of Lights) and the leaf/trees of La g‚ante (The Giantess), Les barricades myst‚rieuses (The Mysterious Barricades), is a haunting work by Magritte. It was painted in July 1961 as part of an important commission that he had received to paint a mural for the Palais des CongrŠs in Brussels. Merging two of his most striking motifs into one highly evocative image, Magritte also added the figure of the female rider whose presence strengthens the mysterious nocturnal atmosphere of the landscape. This same rider was later to make an appearance in Magritte's last ever painting, the untitled Landscape with Rider of 1967. The predominant atmosphere of Les barricades myst‚rieuses is essentially the same one as that of L'empire des lumiŠres, the only difference being that here it is leaf/trees that make up the most of the mysterious forest. For Magritte, L'empire des lumiŠres was a favourite theme and one to which he returned repeatedly throughout his career. As he once explained to his friend Harry Torczyner, the concept of the night/day duality was one that held particular appeal for him. 'For me,' he wrote, 'the conception of a picture is an idea of one thing or of several things that can become visible through my painting. It is understood that all ideas are not conceptions for pictures. Obviously, an idea must be sufficiently stimulating for me to undertake to paint faithfully the thing or things I have ideated. The conception of a picture, that is, the idea, is not visible in the picture: an idea cannot be seen with the eyes. What is represented in a picture is what is visible to the eyes, it is the thing or things that must have been ideated. Thus, what is represented in the picture L'empire des lumiŠres are the things I ideated; i.e. a nightime landscape and a sky such as we see during the day. The landscape evokes the night and the sky evokes the day. I find this evocation of night and day is endowed with the power to surprise and enchant us. I call this power: poetry. If I believe this evocation has such poetic power, it is because, among other reasons, I have always felt the greatest interest in night and day, yet without ever having preferred one or the other. This great personal interest in night and day is a feeling of admiration and astonishment' (Magritte, 1956, cited in Torczyner, op. cit., p. 102). The central idea of L'empire des lumiŠres and of this painting is the impossible beauty of the concept that Breton expressed when he exclaimed, 'If only the sun would come out tonight!' The simplicity of this concept is added to by the organic mystery of the leaf/trees which clearly establish this landscape as being one of an alternate world, a product of Magritte's poetic realm of the visual imagination to which he gave the name Le domaine enchant‚ (The Enchanted Domain). The rather reassuring presence of a smartly dressed horse and rider trotting peacefully through this enchanted landscape as if they are returning home from their Sunday ride is in keeping with the peaceful twilight atmosphere of the painting even if it does also have something of the Le Jockey perdu (The Lost Jockey) about it. Clearly a more successful reworking of the ideas outlined in his 1957 painting Le concert du matin (The Morning Concert), it is clear that Magritte himself, was evidently well satisfied with the outcome of his work in Les barricades myst‚rieuses. Not only did he copy it faithfully and without alteration onto the wall of the Halle Delvaux at the Palais des CongrŠs, but after the mural's completion he hung onto the work and only later included it with a batch of other paintings that he gave to his dealer Alexander Iolas.